what color is hydroquinone cream

EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ELIMINATING BROWN SPOTS

If you’re eager to eliminate those stubborn brown spots, the good news is that there are various solutions available. While brown spots are typically benign and pose no health risks, it’s crucial to monitor any that change in color, size, or texture and to visit your dermatologist regularly. Although treatment for benign spots isn’t necessary, their removal or fading can be both cosmetically and psychologically rewarding. After all, who wouldn’t want a clearer, more even skin tone?

What should I know about spots?

Brown spots, also known as age spots, liver spots, solar lentigines, or sun spots, are flat, oval areas of increased pigmentation that vary in size. Typically gray, tan, brown, or black, these spots appear on areas of the skin that have received the most sun exposure over the years, such as the face, backs of hands, tops of feet, forearms, shoulders, and upper back. They can affect anyone, regardless of sex or race; however, brown spots are more common in individuals with fair skin, a history of frequent sun exposure, regular tanning bed use, and those over 40 years of age.

What causes spots?

Brown spots are caused by overactive pigment cells known as melanocytes. Ultraviolet (UV) light accelerates the production of melanin, the skin pigment responsible for a tan or darker skin. After years of UV exposure, melanin can clump together or be produced in high concentrations, leading to the appearance of brown spots.

There are three main types of benign skin pigmentation resulting from overactive melanocytes: freckles, solar lentigines, and melasma.

FRECKLES

Freckles can be seen as a genetic gift from Mother Nature. These small, flat spots range in color from pale to dark brown and result from an overproduction of melanin in response to UV light exposure. Typically, real freckles are found on younger skin, especially in children, and are most common among individuals with red hair and fair skin that burns easily. They tend to be more noticeable in sun-exposed areas during the summer months and often fade during the winter season.

SOLAR LENTIGINES

Solar lentigines, commonly known as age spots, are dark patches that develop from prolonged sun exposure and are generally harmless. These flat, actinic keratosis lesions can appear yellowish, gray, or light brown, with clearly defined edges. Some may have a dry or slightly scaly texture. Unlike freckles, which are smaller and more diffuse, lentigines are larger and more distinct, typically found on areas such as the face, hands, and chest, accumulating over time due to sun exposure. Unlike freckles, they do not fade in winter and can occur anywhere on the body; they are usually benign.

On the other hand, actinic keratosis represents another form of sun damage that may have the potential to become cancerous. These spots are flat or slightly raised, reddish-brown, and have a more abrasive appearance, often with a scaly surface. Surprisingly, nearly 60 million Americans are affected by this type of sun damage to their skin.

A Woods Lamp (black light) evaluation allows us to detect cumulative skin damage before it becomes visible to the naked eye. It can be eye-opening to observe the extent of sun damage that has already occurred. Since there is always a chance that new lesions may develop in the future, the best preventive measures include avoiding sun exposure, using a broad-spectrum high-SPF sunscreen, and wearing protective clothing and hats.

MELASMA

If you have a Mediterranean-type olive complexion or are of Latin, Asian, or Middle Eastern descent, you are more likely to develop melasma. This condition manifests as large dark patches of pigmentation caused by overactive melanocytes, often appearing as mask-like areas on the cheeks, temples, above the upper lip, and/or forehead. Melasma is believed to be influenced by excessive or repeated sun exposure, as well as hormonal changes. It can develop during the use of birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a “pregnancy mask.” While melasma may be visually unappealing, it is not dangerous and does not cause any physical discomfort.

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of skin injury. PIH is more common in individuals with darker skin tones and appears as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their fading over time can vary from person to person.

Words of caution and when you should see a doctor

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of injury to the skin. PIH is more prevalent among individuals with darker skin tones and manifests as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial skin condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their tendency to fade over time can vary from person to person.

What spots can be treated? 

Brown spots, including liver spots, freckles, solar lentigines, and other benign pigmented lesions that develop after years of sun exposure, can be removed or faded from almost any area of your body. Conditions such as melasma, sun-related brown spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can also be effectively treated. However, actinic keratoses and any abnormal-looking lesions should be evaluated and treated by a physician.

Types of spot treatments

Since the pigment is located at the base of the epidermis—the outermost layer of skin—any treatments aimed at lightening brown spots must penetrate this layer effectively.

Medications and prescription lightening creams containing hydroquinone or kojic acid (pigment-bleaching agents) can be used alone or in combination with retinoids (like tretinoin) and mild steroids to gradually fade spots over several months. However, these treatments may cause temporary side effects, including itching, redness, burning, or dryness. It’s essential to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 during treatment.

FotoFacial or IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) treatments emit a range of light waves that pass through the skin to target and destroy melanin, breaking up the spots without damaging the skin’s surface. Typically, two to three sessions are required, and after treatment, spots may appear like coffee ground speckles that flake off and gradually fade over several weeks or months. It’s crucial to avoid sun exposure for at least four weeks before treatment and to use sun protection liberally afterward to ensure optimal results.

Cryotherapy, or freezing, destroys the excess pigment by applying liquid nitrogen or another freezing agent to the spots. This treatment is quick but can be painful, and afterward, there may be some discomfort, blistering, or temporary redness and swelling. As the area heals, the skin may appear lighter. Cryotherapy is generally used for single brown spots or small groupings, but it carries a slight risk of permanent darkening of a spot (PIH), lightening of surrounding skin, or scarring.

Chemical peels involve applying an acid that removes the outer layer of skin to allow new skin to grow in its place. Several treatments may be necessary before seeing results, and strong sun protection is advised following the procedure. Temporary redness is common, with a slight risk of permanent changes in skin color.

Microdermabrasion is a less aggressive option that smooths the outer layers of skin using inert crystals to exfoliate. This treatment requires multiple sessions over several months to achieve desired results and is not recommended for those with rosacea or small red veins on the face. After microdermabrasion, mild redness may appear but typically resolves within a few hours, with flaky skin for three to four days. It can be effective, especially when combined with chemical peels.

Non-ablative laser spot removals destroy melanocytes without harming the skin’s surface. At YouBaby Skin Spa, we use a picosecond laser and PICO Genesis Spot treatments, which deliver light deep into the skin at a trillionth of a second. This breaks up melanocytes, allowing them to be eliminated by the body’s lymphatic system. The treated area may darken, resemble bruising, or form a crust for a few days, but fades over the following weeks, improving both the spots and the skin’s texture. Several treatments are recommended to build upon the results of previous sessions as the skin regenerates collagen and absorbs the debris.

Ablative laser resurfacing is a more aggressive treatment that removes sun-damaged cells to refresh the skin and fade spots. This method removes the outermost layer of skin, allowing new skin to grow back, but requires considerable recovery time and healing. One or two treatments can effectively address age spots quickly.

Prevention

To help prevent the reappearance of brown spots and the formation of new ones after treatment, follow these tips to limit your sun exposure:

  1. Avoid the Sun Between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.
    The sun’s rays are most intense during this time, so try to schedule outdoor activities for earlier or later in the day.
  2. Use Sunscreen.
    Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays 15 to 30 minutes before going outdoors. Choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Be sure to apply it generously and reapply every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
  3. Cover Up.
    Wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with a broad-brimmed hat, which offers better protection than a baseball cap or golf visor. Consider clothing specifically designed for sun protection, labeled with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 40 to 50 for optimal safety.
  4. Never Use Tanning Beds.
    Avoid tanning beds, as they can contribute to skin damage and increase the risk of developing new brown spots.

CONCLUSION

Spot removal is not a new concept, and the type of treatment varies, offering different outcomes. In some cases, spots may never be completely eliminated but can fade significantly, becoming much lighter. Proper home care is essential after any removal treatment to maximize your results. Alongside sunscreen, common aftercare typically includes a tyrosinase inhibitor (which targets the enzyme responsible for melanin formation) and a lightening agent.

We design an individualized program tailored to your skin type, the specific spots you have, and the treatment administered. Share your goals with us, and we will guide you to the appropriate treatment options.

14 BEST PRODUCTS FOR DARK SPOTS ON FACE

In the pursuit of bright and flawless skin, the battle against dark spots remains a common challenge for many. Whether caused by sun exposure, age, or skin imperfections, these unwanted blemishes can be a source of frustration. The good news is that the beauty industry has witnessed a surge in innovative skincare solutions designed to target and fade those stubborn dark spots. In this comprehensive guide, we unveil 14 of the best products meticulously crafted to tackle pigmentation problems, restore skin tone, and leave your skin radiant.

OUR TOP PICKS

BEST OVERALL: DARK SPOT CORRECTOR CREAM

Avon’s cream, enriched with high levels of glycolic acid, demonstrated exceptional performance in GH Beauty Lab testing, achieving a flawless score for effectively reducing the appearance of UV spots by an impressive 12%. Additionally, it secured top rankings for enhancing skin firmness and hydration. Several testers raved about the product, noting that it imparted a radiant glow to their skin. However, some mentioned their dislike for its “strong perfume scent.” Please be aware that an inventory restock is anticipated for February 1, but you can reserve your spot on the waitlist online in the meantime.

BEST BUDGET: VERSED DARK SPOT GEL

Versed Dark Spot Gel is like a special gel made to make dark spots look smaller. It has strong stuff like tranexamic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide, and licorice root extract. Even though it doesn’t cost a lot, this gel works really well to make blemishes fade away over some time. We saw changes in just two months of trying it out. The gel is light and soaks in quickly, making it easy to use every day. You can also put it on before other skincare or makeup stuff. It’s a good choice if you want something that works well, is easy to get, and doesn’t cost too much.

BEST FOR HYDRATING SKIN: FARMACY HONEY HALO CERAMIDE MOISTURIZER

When we’re out in the sun, our skin makes extra melanin to keep us safe from the sun’s rays. But sometimes, this makes some spots look darker than our normal skin. Dr. Dendy Engelman suggests using a product with lots of antioxidants, like this honey-packed one from Farmacy. Antioxidants help protect our skin from things like UV rays and pollution. This product is good because it gives your skin a lot of moisture with something called ceramides. It’s also made with clean ingredients. However, for some people, it might feel a bit too heavy.

BEST RETINOL DARK SPOT CORRECTOR: KATE SOMERVILLE DERMALQUENCH LIQUID LIFT + RETINOL

When it comes to tackling dark spots with the power of retinol, the Kate Somerville DermalQuench Liquid Lift + Retinol stands out as a top performer. This product earns the title of the best retinol dark spot corrector due to its potent formula designed to address pigmentation issues effectively. The unique combination of ingredients in this liquid lift, enriched with retinol, works to reduce the appearance of dark spots, promoting a more even and radiant complexion. Kate Somerville’s DermalQuench Liquid Lift + Retinol has proven to be a reliable choice for those seeking a retinol-based solution to target and diminish dark spots, earning its place among the top contenders in the realm of dark spot correctors.

BEST FOR ACNE-PRONE SKIN: PCA SKIN DARK SPOT CORRECTOR

Tailored for those with acne-prone skin, the PCA Skin Dark Spot Corrector takes the spotlight as the optimal choice in addressing dark spots. This specialized formula is crafted to not only fade existing blemishes effectively but also prevent new ones from emerging. With key ingredients like phenylethyl resorcinol, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, this dark spot corrector proves to be a powerhouse in promoting an even skin tone while catering to the specific needs of acne-prone skin. During testing, noticeable improvements in complexion clarity were observed after just two weeks, and by the end of three months, most dark spots had faded away. While it may be pricier compared to other options, the PCA Skin Dark Spot Corrector’s efficacy in addressing dark spots and preventing breakouts. 

BEST ANTI-AGING DARK SPOT CORRECTOR: ROC MULTI CORREXION 5 IN 1 DAILY MOISTURIZER WITH SPF 30

People really liked this moisturizer with SPF 30 from Roc. It was the top pick in the GH Beauty Lab’s test for anti-aging day creams. In the test, it did a great job reducing visible spots by 4.5% in just four weeks. Testers loved how it made their skin softer, firmer, and reduced wrinkles. Some even said it’s perfect to wear under makeup. People felt that it made their skin look smooth and glowing, and one person mentioned that it seemed to make brown spots lighter. But, a few people didn’t like the strong smell of the product.

BEST SPLURGE-WORTHY BUY: SKINCEUTICALS C E FERULIC WITH 15% L-ASCORBIC ACID

This serum comes with some great advantages. It’s made with a combination of ingredients that are backed by research, making it a reliable choice. The liquid formula of the serum gives your skin a dewy and hydrated feel, adding to its positive features. However, it’s worth noting that this product falls on the expensive side. The key ingredients in this serum are Vitamins C and E, making it a beneficial addition to your skincare routine. If you’re looking for a serum that combines research-backed ingredients and a dewy finish, this could be a good fit for you, but it comes with a higher price tag.

BEST FOR EXFOLIATION: GARNIER SKINACTIVE CLEARLY BRIGHTER DARK SPOT CORRECTOR

The inclusion of alpha hydroxy acids in this product provides effective exfoliation for the skin, promoting a smoother complexion. Another advantage is its affordable price point, making it an accessible option for those seeking skincare solutions on a budget. But, it’s important to be aware that the product comes in a relatively small tube, which could be considered a drawback for those looking for a larger quantity. The key ingredients in this cream include Vitamin C, LHA, and an antioxidant complex, making it a comprehensive option for skincare. If you’re in search of an exfoliating cream that won’t break the bank, this product might be a suitable choice, though the smaller tube size should be taken into consideration.

BEST DARK SPOT CORRECTOR FOR SENSITIVE SKIN: OLAY REGENERIST MAX TONE SERUM WITH VITAMIN C

Olay’s vitamin C serum with its potent levels of vitamin C, making it a powerhouse for promoting even skin tone. It caters to those with fragrance sensitivities by being entirely fragrance-free, adding to its appeal for a broader range of users. The serum offers good value, providing effective skincare without a hefty price tag. A potential drawback: some users experienced difficulty with the dropper, leading to the possibility of excess product leaking out. Despite this caveat, the serum has demonstrated significant improvements in skin tone and color evenness, as evidenced by a split-face study conducted by the GH Beauty Lab, with positive results starting as early as two weeks of use. 

BEST ANTI-AGING: NEUTROGENA RAPID TONE REPAIR DARK SPOT CORRECTOR

This product is considered one of the best creams for facial skin. Boasting additional anti-aging benefits with the inclusion of retinol, this formula offers a comprehensive approach to skin care. Its extremely lightweight nature not only makes it pleasant to use but also facilitates easy coordination with other skin care products. One of its notable features is its versatility – it can be used as a targeted or full-face retouching product. But, users need to be cautious as the presence of retinol requires avoiding use in the morning and emphasizes the importance of using SPF during the day to protect the skin.

BEST BRIGHTENING DARK SPOT CORRECTOR: DERMALOGICA RAPID REVEAL PEEL

Dermalogica’s Rapid Reveal Peel is known for being the best at brightening dark spots with its strong and effective formula. It’s made to make your skin brighter and more radiant by focusing on dark spots and making your skin tone more even. This product is great because it has powerful brightening ingredients and a smart formula. People who use it say their skin feels better, looks nicer, and dark spots are less noticeable. The peel works by removing old skin, giving you fresh and renewed skin. So, if you want to deal with dark spots, this peel is a good choice.

BEST FOR GLOW: GLOW RECIPE VITAMIN C DARK SPOT SERUM

Crafted with a potent mix of ingredients like vitamin C, guava seed, fruit extracts, and tranexamic acid, this serum effectively works to gradually diminish dark spots over time. Beyond tackling hyperpigmentation, the formula also delivers extra benefits to the skin, leaving it incredibly hydrated and in good health. The serum’s mild nature ensures a comfortable and nurturing experience for regular use. Combining brightening and anti-aging qualities, Glow Recipe’s Vitamin C Dark Spot Serum stands out as an excellent option for those aiming to achieve a radiant and luminous complexion.

BEST DARK SPOT CORRECTOR SERUM: BIOPELLE KNR BRIGHTENING SERUM

Dr. Mamina Turegano, a respected skin doctor from Metairie, Louisiana, and co-founder of Skintap.com, really likes the Biopelle serum for fixing skin issues. Even though it’s a bit pricey, this serum is great because it has strong stuff that helps with dark spots and makes your skin look younger. Dr. Turegano says it’s full of good things like kojic acid, niacinamide, retinol, and vitamin C, which all work together to get rid of dark spots. The serum also has peptides that give your skin an extra boost to make it feel fresh and lively. If you want something that deals with dark spots and makes your skin feel young again, this Biopelle serum is a good choice.

BEST FOR REDNESS-PRONE SKIN: AMBI FADE CREAM HYDROQUINONE-FREE

Ambi’s updated formula for dark spots on the face excludes hydroquinone, a component found in their original cream but now removed. Numerous users have praised its efficacy in tackling dark spots without causing irritation to the facial skin. Infused with soothing aloe vera, the cream offers an additional level of comfort, ensuring it is gentle on the skin and reducing the risk of irritation. With its hydroquinone-free composition, Ambi’s Fade Cream emerges as a trustworthy option for individuals seeking a facial cream to address dark spots without sacrificing skin comfort.

BEST FOR TREATING POST-INFLAMMATORY HYPERPIGMENTATION: KIEHL’S CLEARLY CORRECTIVE™ DARK SPOT SOLUTION

With key ingredients like Vitamin C and salicylic acid, it promotes a glowing complexion and works to enhance the skin’s overall radiance. However, it’s essential to note that the formula, while effective, may be too aggressive for some individuals. The inclusion of Vitamin C contributes to the serum’s brightening properties, while salicylic acid adds to its potential for promoting a healthy and vibrant complexion. If you’re seeking a serum that actively supports a radiant skin tone, this product could be a valuable addition to your skincare routine.

WHAT TO EXPECT IN BLACK SPOT TREATMENT PRODUCTS

Before investing in a dark spot corrector, there are several essential factors to consider to ensure that you choose the right product for your specific needs. Firstly, it’s crucial to identify your skin type and any potential sensitivities or allergies. Different formulations cater to various skin types, and understanding your skin’s needs will help you select a corrector that works well for you.

Secondly, take note of the key ingredients in the dark spot corrector. Ingredients like vitamin C, niacinamide, retinol, and alpha hydroxy acids are often effective in addressing hyperpigmentation. However, it’s essential to be aware of any ingredient that your skin may react negatively to.

Consider the severity and cause of your dark spots. Some correctors may be better suited for sun-induced hyperpigmentation, while others may target post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation caused by acne. Choose a product that aligns with your specific dark spot concerns.

Additionally, assess your skincare routine and lifestyle. Some correctors may require consistent and precise application, which may not fit well with a hectic schedule. Opt for a product that aligns with your lifestyle and is convenient for your daily routine.

Lastly, read reviews and consider the reputation of the brand. Real user experiences can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of a dark spot corrector. Brands with positive reputations for skincare products are more likely to deliver on their promises. By carefully considering these factors, you can make an informed decision and choose a dark spot corrector that best suits your skin’s needs.

WHAT’S THE BEST WAY TO USE A DARK SPOT CORRECTOR?

For optimal results, apply the corrector directly to the dark spot, but exercise caution regarding the quantity. Using a dark spot corrector excessively may lead to the emergence of a lighter-colored halo around the treated area. To prevent this, it’s advisable to use the corrector sparingly. 

Additionally, incorporating an SPF moisturizer into your routine is essential when using a dark spot corrector. This helps shield your skin from the sun, reducing the likelihood of dark spots reappearing and ensuring a more effective and lasting correction.

FAQ

1. How do you permanently fade dark spots?

Achieving permanent dark spot fading requires a regular application of products with ingredients such as hydroquinone, retinoids, vitamin C, and sunscreen.

2. Do dark spots go away?

Not necessarily. Dark spots can fade over time with the right skincare regimen and ingredients, but complete disappearance varies from person to person, and some may persist.

3. Can Ice remove dark spots?

Ice may temporarily reduce redness and inflammation in dark spots, but it’s not a permanent solution for removing them. 

CONCLUSION

Addressing dark spots on the face is a common skincare concern, and there are numerous products available to cater to diverse needs. From budget-friendly options to high-end formulations, the market offers a variety of choices for individuals seeking effective solutions. Whether you prioritize affordability, specific ingredients, or overall skin health, the best product for dark spots is subjective and depends on individual preferences.