EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ELIMINATING BROWN SPOTS

If you’re eager to eliminate those stubborn brown spots, the good news is that there are various solutions available. While brown spots are typically benign and pose no health risks, it’s crucial to monitor any that change in color, size, or texture and to visit your dermatologist regularly. Although treatment for benign spots isn’t necessary, their removal or fading can be both cosmetically and psychologically rewarding. After all, who wouldn’t want a clearer, more even skin tone?

What should I know about spots?

Brown spots, also known as age spots, liver spots, solar lentigines, or sun spots, are flat, oval areas of increased pigmentation that vary in size. Typically gray, tan, brown, or black, these spots appear on areas of the skin that have received the most sun exposure over the years, such as the face, backs of hands, tops of feet, forearms, shoulders, and upper back. They can affect anyone, regardless of sex or race; however, brown spots are more common in individuals with fair skin, a history of frequent sun exposure, regular tanning bed use, and those over 40 years of age.

What causes spots?

Brown spots are caused by overactive pigment cells known as melanocytes. Ultraviolet (UV) light accelerates the production of melanin, the skin pigment responsible for a tan or darker skin. After years of UV exposure, melanin can clump together or be produced in high concentrations, leading to the appearance of brown spots.

There are three main types of benign skin pigmentation resulting from overactive melanocytes: freckles, solar lentigines, and melasma.

FRECKLES

Freckles can be seen as a genetic gift from Mother Nature. These small, flat spots range in color from pale to dark brown and result from an overproduction of melanin in response to UV light exposure. Typically, real freckles are found on younger skin, especially in children, and are most common among individuals with red hair and fair skin that burns easily. They tend to be more noticeable in sun-exposed areas during the summer months and often fade during the winter season.

SOLAR LENTIGINES

Solar lentigines, commonly known as age spots, are dark patches that develop from prolonged sun exposure and are generally harmless. These flat, actinic keratosis lesions can appear yellowish, gray, or light brown, with clearly defined edges. Some may have a dry or slightly scaly texture. Unlike freckles, which are smaller and more diffuse, lentigines are larger and more distinct, typically found on areas such as the face, hands, and chest, accumulating over time due to sun exposure. Unlike freckles, they do not fade in winter and can occur anywhere on the body; they are usually benign.

On the other hand, actinic keratosis represents another form of sun damage that may have the potential to become cancerous. These spots are flat or slightly raised, reddish-brown, and have a more abrasive appearance, often with a scaly surface. Surprisingly, nearly 60 million Americans are affected by this type of sun damage to their skin.

A Woods Lamp (black light) evaluation allows us to detect cumulative skin damage before it becomes visible to the naked eye. It can be eye-opening to observe the extent of sun damage that has already occurred. Since there is always a chance that new lesions may develop in the future, the best preventive measures include avoiding sun exposure, using a broad-spectrum high-SPF sunscreen, and wearing protective clothing and hats.

MELASMA

If you have a Mediterranean-type olive complexion or are of Latin, Asian, or Middle Eastern descent, you are more likely to develop melasma. This condition manifests as large dark patches of pigmentation caused by overactive melanocytes, often appearing as mask-like areas on the cheeks, temples, above the upper lip, and/or forehead. Melasma is believed to be influenced by excessive or repeated sun exposure, as well as hormonal changes. It can develop during the use of birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a “pregnancy mask.” While melasma may be visually unappealing, it is not dangerous and does not cause any physical discomfort.

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of skin injury. PIH is more common in individuals with darker skin tones and appears as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their fading over time can vary from person to person.

Words of caution and when you should see a doctor

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of injury to the skin. PIH is more prevalent among individuals with darker skin tones and manifests as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial skin condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their tendency to fade over time can vary from person to person.

What spots can be treated? 

Brown spots, including liver spots, freckles, solar lentigines, and other benign pigmented lesions that develop after years of sun exposure, can be removed or faded from almost any area of your body. Conditions such as melasma, sun-related brown spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can also be effectively treated. However, actinic keratoses and any abnormal-looking lesions should be evaluated and treated by a physician.

Types of spot treatments

Since the pigment is located at the base of the epidermis—the outermost layer of skin—any treatments aimed at lightening brown spots must penetrate this layer effectively.

Medications and prescription lightening creams containing hydroquinone or kojic acid (pigment-bleaching agents) can be used alone or in combination with retinoids (like tretinoin) and mild steroids to gradually fade spots over several months. However, these treatments may cause temporary side effects, including itching, redness, burning, or dryness. It’s essential to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 during treatment.

FotoFacial or IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) treatments emit a range of light waves that pass through the skin to target and destroy melanin, breaking up the spots without damaging the skin’s surface. Typically, two to three sessions are required, and after treatment, spots may appear like coffee ground speckles that flake off and gradually fade over several weeks or months. It’s crucial to avoid sun exposure for at least four weeks before treatment and to use sun protection liberally afterward to ensure optimal results.

Cryotherapy, or freezing, destroys the excess pigment by applying liquid nitrogen or another freezing agent to the spots. This treatment is quick but can be painful, and afterward, there may be some discomfort, blistering, or temporary redness and swelling. As the area heals, the skin may appear lighter. Cryotherapy is generally used for single brown spots or small groupings, but it carries a slight risk of permanent darkening of a spot (PIH), lightening of surrounding skin, or scarring.

Chemical peels involve applying an acid that removes the outer layer of skin to allow new skin to grow in its place. Several treatments may be necessary before seeing results, and strong sun protection is advised following the procedure. Temporary redness is common, with a slight risk of permanent changes in skin color.

Microdermabrasion is a less aggressive option that smooths the outer layers of skin using inert crystals to exfoliate. This treatment requires multiple sessions over several months to achieve desired results and is not recommended for those with rosacea or small red veins on the face. After microdermabrasion, mild redness may appear but typically resolves within a few hours, with flaky skin for three to four days. It can be effective, especially when combined with chemical peels.

Non-ablative laser spot removals destroy melanocytes without harming the skin’s surface. At YouBaby Skin Spa, we use a picosecond laser and PICO Genesis Spot treatments, which deliver light deep into the skin at a trillionth of a second. This breaks up melanocytes, allowing them to be eliminated by the body’s lymphatic system. The treated area may darken, resemble bruising, or form a crust for a few days, but fades over the following weeks, improving both the spots and the skin’s texture. Several treatments are recommended to build upon the results of previous sessions as the skin regenerates collagen and absorbs the debris.

Ablative laser resurfacing is a more aggressive treatment that removes sun-damaged cells to refresh the skin and fade spots. This method removes the outermost layer of skin, allowing new skin to grow back, but requires considerable recovery time and healing. One or two treatments can effectively address age spots quickly.

Prevention

To help prevent the reappearance of brown spots and the formation of new ones after treatment, follow these tips to limit your sun exposure:

  1. Avoid the Sun Between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.
    The sun’s rays are most intense during this time, so try to schedule outdoor activities for earlier or later in the day.
  2. Use Sunscreen.
    Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays 15 to 30 minutes before going outdoors. Choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Be sure to apply it generously and reapply every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
  3. Cover Up.
    Wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with a broad-brimmed hat, which offers better protection than a baseball cap or golf visor. Consider clothing specifically designed for sun protection, labeled with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 40 to 50 for optimal safety.
  4. Never Use Tanning Beds.
    Avoid tanning beds, as they can contribute to skin damage and increase the risk of developing new brown spots.

CONCLUSION

Spot removal is not a new concept, and the type of treatment varies, offering different outcomes. In some cases, spots may never be completely eliminated but can fade significantly, becoming much lighter. Proper home care is essential after any removal treatment to maximize your results. Alongside sunscreen, common aftercare typically includes a tyrosinase inhibitor (which targets the enzyme responsible for melanin formation) and a lightening agent.

We design an individualized program tailored to your skin type, the specific spots you have, and the treatment administered. Share your goals with us, and we will guide you to the appropriate treatment options.

IPL BEFORE AND AFTER 1 TREATMENT: WHAT TO EXPECT

Considering an IPL treatment to address sun damage, uneven skin tone, or unwanted hair? While results can be impressive, it’s important to manage expectations. Let’s delve into what you can experience  before, during, and after just one IPL treatment. We’ll explore how your skin might react, the potential improvements you might see, and what to do to maximize the benefits.

WHAT IS IPL?

IPL stands for Intense Pulsed Light. It’s a non-surgical treatment that uses pulses of light to target various skin concerns. Unlike lasers that focus on one specific wavelength, IPL delivers a broad spectrum of light. This allows it to address a wider range of issues, such as:

  • Uneven skin tone and sun damage
  • Age spots and freckles
  • Fine lines and wrinkles
  • Visible blood vessels
  • Unwanted hair growth

KEY BENEFITS OF IPL

IMPROVES SKIN TONE AND TEXTURE

IPL can be used to address a variety of skin concerns, such as sun damage, age spots, freckles, rosacea, and uneven skin tone. The light pulses target melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color, and break it down. This can help to reduce the appearance of brown spots and other discolorations, and leave the skin looking brighter and more even-toned.

REDUCES WRINKLES AND FINE LINES

IPL can also stimulate the production of collagen, a protein that gives skin its structure and elasticity. This can help to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and give the skin a more youthful appearance.

REDUCES UNWANTED HAIR

IPL is a popular option for hair removal. The light pulses target the pigment in hair follicles, which damages the follicle and inhibits hair growth. IPL can be used to remove hair from almost any area of the body, including the face, legs, arms, underarms, and bikini line.

MINIMIZES PORES

IPL can also help to minimize the appearance of enlarged pores. The light pulses stimulate collagen production, which can help to tighten the skin and reduce the appearance of pores.

REDUCES ACNE

IPL can be used to treat acne by targeting the bacteria that cause breakouts. The light pulses also help to reduce inflammation and redness.

BEFORE YOUR TREATMENT

Before undergoing IPL treatment, a consultation with a qualified professional is crucial to ensure optimal results and minimize risks. This initial discussion is vital to set realistic expectations and align your goals with the treatment’s capabilities. The professional will assess your skin type, underlying conditions, and desired outcome to determine if IPL is suitable for you.

In preparation for the treatment itself, the consultation will also address important pre-treatment steps. Sun protection becomes paramount, as tanned skin can react poorly to the light pulses. Tanning beds should be avoided for several weeks beforehand.  Certain medications, particularly blood thinners, may also need to be discontinued for a period of time to minimize potential complications during the procedure. By following these pre-treatment measures and openly discussing your goals with a qualified professional, you can ensure a smoother and more successful IPL experience.

DURING YOUR TREATMENT

During the IPL procedure, your safety and comfort are top priorities.  Your eyes will be shielded from the light pulses with protective eyewear, similar to what you might wear during a laser treatment. The healthcare professional will then apply a cool gel to the treatment area to numb the skin and act as a protective barrier.

The IPL device itself delivers targeted bursts of light to your skin. While most people tolerate the treatment well, it’s important to acknowledge that you might experience some mild discomfort. This can feel like a snapping sensation or a warm prickling with each light pulse. The intensity can vary depending on your individual skin sensitivity and the settings used during the treatment. However, the discomfort is usually manageable and shouldn’t deter you from the procedure.

AFTER YOUR TREATMENT

Following your IPL treatment, it’s normal to experience some temporary side effects. The treated area may show redness and swelling, similar to a mild sunburn. This discomfort should subside within a few hours or days and can be soothed with cool compresses. You might also feel a temporary sunburned sensation.

While these initial effects may seem concerning, the treatment can also trigger desired long-term changes. Treated spots, like sun damage or freckles, may actually darken temporarily before they flake off and reveal the improved underlying skin. This is a normal part of the process and signifies the treatment is working.

To optimize healing and maximize the benefits of IPL, proper aftercare is essential. Sun protection remains paramount. Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher daily, even on cloudy days. Stick to a gentle skincare routine, avoiding harsh soaps or scrubs that could irritate the treated area. Hot showers or baths are also best avoided for at least 24 hours, as they can further aggravate the skin. By following these aftercare tips, you can help your skin heal comfortably and achieve the best possible outcome from your IPL treatment.

IPL RESULTS: BEFORE AND AFTER 1 TREATMENT

IMMEDIATE AFTER-EFFECTS OF IPL TREATMENT

After your first IPL treatment, your skin might feel like you’ve got a sunburn. This feeling should go away in a few hours, but your skin might stay red for a few days. Don’t worry if dark spots look darker right after the treatment—that’s normal and they’ll peel off gently within a few weeks, showing lighter and more even-toned skin underneath.

CHANGES IN SKIN PIGMENTATION AFTER 1 IPL TREATMENT

Your skin might look lighter after just one IPL session, especially dark spots and pigmentation. Big freckles and brown spots might seem lighter right away. But for the best results, it’s usually recommended to have three or more treatments spread out over a few weeks.

CHANGES IN BROKEN CAPILLARIES AFTER 1 IPL TREATMENT

IPL can also help with broken capillaries and rosacea, making redness and flushing less noticeable. After one treatment, you might see fewer broken capillaries, which can give your skin a more even look.

CHANGES IN SKIN TEXTURE AND FINE LINES AFTER 1 IPL TREATMENT

IPL isn’t only about fixing colors—it can also make your skin smoother and reduce fine lines. After your first session, your skin might feel smoother and look more radiant. Fine lines might not be as obvious because IPL helps your skin make more collagen, which keeps it elastic and youthful.

Even though you might notice some good changes after the first treatment, the best results usually come after several treatments. If you have a lot of sun damage, it might take longer and need more than three treatments at first.

Before & After Results from (One) IPL Treatment

FAQ

1. How many treatments will I need? 

Multiple treatments are typically needed (often 4-6 sessions) for optimal results, spaced several weeks apart.

2. How long does a treatment take?

Treatment times vary depending on the treated area, but typically range from 15 minutes to an hour.

3. Does IPL hurt? 

You might feel a slight tingling or pinching sensation during the treatment, but most clinics offer topical numbing cream to minimize discomfort.

4. When will I see results? 

You might see some improvement in skin tone and texture within a few weeks, with full results taking several sessions.

5. How long do IPL results last?

Results can vary, but with proper sun protection, they can last for months or even years.

CONCLUSION

Even strong creams like retinol with vitamin C or tretinoin can’t always fix everything. IPL is a treatment that can help improve your skin’s look in a big way. To get the best results and feel as comfortable as possible during your first IPL session, there are some things to know beforehand. Everyone’s skin is different, so talking to a qualified doctor or healthcare provider who knows about IPL is important. They can help you decide if it’s right for you and create a plan to get the best outcome.