itching 2 weeks after laser hair removal

EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ELIMINATING BROWN SPOTS

If you’re eager to eliminate those stubborn brown spots, the good news is that there are various solutions available. While brown spots are typically benign and pose no health risks, it’s crucial to monitor any that change in color, size, or texture and to visit your dermatologist regularly. Although treatment for benign spots isn’t necessary, their removal or fading can be both cosmetically and psychologically rewarding. After all, who wouldn’t want a clearer, more even skin tone?

What should I know about spots?

Brown spots, also known as age spots, liver spots, solar lentigines, or sun spots, are flat, oval areas of increased pigmentation that vary in size. Typically gray, tan, brown, or black, these spots appear on areas of the skin that have received the most sun exposure over the years, such as the face, backs of hands, tops of feet, forearms, shoulders, and upper back. They can affect anyone, regardless of sex or race; however, brown spots are more common in individuals with fair skin, a history of frequent sun exposure, regular tanning bed use, and those over 40 years of age.

What causes spots?

Brown spots are caused by overactive pigment cells known as melanocytes. Ultraviolet (UV) light accelerates the production of melanin, the skin pigment responsible for a tan or darker skin. After years of UV exposure, melanin can clump together or be produced in high concentrations, leading to the appearance of brown spots.

There are three main types of benign skin pigmentation resulting from overactive melanocytes: freckles, solar lentigines, and melasma.

FRECKLES

Freckles can be seen as a genetic gift from Mother Nature. These small, flat spots range in color from pale to dark brown and result from an overproduction of melanin in response to UV light exposure. Typically, real freckles are found on younger skin, especially in children, and are most common among individuals with red hair and fair skin that burns easily. They tend to be more noticeable in sun-exposed areas during the summer months and often fade during the winter season.

SOLAR LENTIGINES

Solar lentigines, commonly known as age spots, are dark patches that develop from prolonged sun exposure and are generally harmless. These flat, actinic keratosis lesions can appear yellowish, gray, or light brown, with clearly defined edges. Some may have a dry or slightly scaly texture. Unlike freckles, which are smaller and more diffuse, lentigines are larger and more distinct, typically found on areas such as the face, hands, and chest, accumulating over time due to sun exposure. Unlike freckles, they do not fade in winter and can occur anywhere on the body; they are usually benign.

On the other hand, actinic keratosis represents another form of sun damage that may have the potential to become cancerous. These spots are flat or slightly raised, reddish-brown, and have a more abrasive appearance, often with a scaly surface. Surprisingly, nearly 60 million Americans are affected by this type of sun damage to their skin.

A Woods Lamp (black light) evaluation allows us to detect cumulative skin damage before it becomes visible to the naked eye. It can be eye-opening to observe the extent of sun damage that has already occurred. Since there is always a chance that new lesions may develop in the future, the best preventive measures include avoiding sun exposure, using a broad-spectrum high-SPF sunscreen, and wearing protective clothing and hats.

MELASMA

If you have a Mediterranean-type olive complexion or are of Latin, Asian, or Middle Eastern descent, you are more likely to develop melasma. This condition manifests as large dark patches of pigmentation caused by overactive melanocytes, often appearing as mask-like areas on the cheeks, temples, above the upper lip, and/or forehead. Melasma is believed to be influenced by excessive or repeated sun exposure, as well as hormonal changes. It can develop during the use of birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a “pregnancy mask.” While melasma may be visually unappealing, it is not dangerous and does not cause any physical discomfort.

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of skin injury. PIH is more common in individuals with darker skin tones and appears as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their fading over time can vary from person to person.

Words of caution and when you should see a doctor

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of injury to the skin. PIH is more prevalent among individuals with darker skin tones and manifests as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial skin condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their tendency to fade over time can vary from person to person.

What spots can be treated? 

Brown spots, including liver spots, freckles, solar lentigines, and other benign pigmented lesions that develop after years of sun exposure, can be removed or faded from almost any area of your body. Conditions such as melasma, sun-related brown spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can also be effectively treated. However, actinic keratoses and any abnormal-looking lesions should be evaluated and treated by a physician.

Types of spot treatments

Since the pigment is located at the base of the epidermis—the outermost layer of skin—any treatments aimed at lightening brown spots must penetrate this layer effectively.

Medications and prescription lightening creams containing hydroquinone or kojic acid (pigment-bleaching agents) can be used alone or in combination with retinoids (like tretinoin) and mild steroids to gradually fade spots over several months. However, these treatments may cause temporary side effects, including itching, redness, burning, or dryness. It’s essential to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 during treatment.

FotoFacial or IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) treatments emit a range of light waves that pass through the skin to target and destroy melanin, breaking up the spots without damaging the skin’s surface. Typically, two to three sessions are required, and after treatment, spots may appear like coffee ground speckles that flake off and gradually fade over several weeks or months. It’s crucial to avoid sun exposure for at least four weeks before treatment and to use sun protection liberally afterward to ensure optimal results.

Cryotherapy, or freezing, destroys the excess pigment by applying liquid nitrogen or another freezing agent to the spots. This treatment is quick but can be painful, and afterward, there may be some discomfort, blistering, or temporary redness and swelling. As the area heals, the skin may appear lighter. Cryotherapy is generally used for single brown spots or small groupings, but it carries a slight risk of permanent darkening of a spot (PIH), lightening of surrounding skin, or scarring.

Chemical peels involve applying an acid that removes the outer layer of skin to allow new skin to grow in its place. Several treatments may be necessary before seeing results, and strong sun protection is advised following the procedure. Temporary redness is common, with a slight risk of permanent changes in skin color.

Microdermabrasion is a less aggressive option that smooths the outer layers of skin using inert crystals to exfoliate. This treatment requires multiple sessions over several months to achieve desired results and is not recommended for those with rosacea or small red veins on the face. After microdermabrasion, mild redness may appear but typically resolves within a few hours, with flaky skin for three to four days. It can be effective, especially when combined with chemical peels.

Non-ablative laser spot removals destroy melanocytes without harming the skin’s surface. At YouBaby Skin Spa, we use a picosecond laser and PICO Genesis Spot treatments, which deliver light deep into the skin at a trillionth of a second. This breaks up melanocytes, allowing them to be eliminated by the body’s lymphatic system. The treated area may darken, resemble bruising, or form a crust for a few days, but fades over the following weeks, improving both the spots and the skin’s texture. Several treatments are recommended to build upon the results of previous sessions as the skin regenerates collagen and absorbs the debris.

Ablative laser resurfacing is a more aggressive treatment that removes sun-damaged cells to refresh the skin and fade spots. This method removes the outermost layer of skin, allowing new skin to grow back, but requires considerable recovery time and healing. One or two treatments can effectively address age spots quickly.

Prevention

To help prevent the reappearance of brown spots and the formation of new ones after treatment, follow these tips to limit your sun exposure:

  1. Avoid the Sun Between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.
    The sun’s rays are most intense during this time, so try to schedule outdoor activities for earlier or later in the day.
  2. Use Sunscreen.
    Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays 15 to 30 minutes before going outdoors. Choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Be sure to apply it generously and reapply every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
  3. Cover Up.
    Wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with a broad-brimmed hat, which offers better protection than a baseball cap or golf visor. Consider clothing specifically designed for sun protection, labeled with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 40 to 50 for optimal safety.
  4. Never Use Tanning Beds.
    Avoid tanning beds, as they can contribute to skin damage and increase the risk of developing new brown spots.

CONCLUSION

Spot removal is not a new concept, and the type of treatment varies, offering different outcomes. In some cases, spots may never be completely eliminated but can fade significantly, becoming much lighter. Proper home care is essential after any removal treatment to maximize your results. Alongside sunscreen, common aftercare typically includes a tyrosinase inhibitor (which targets the enzyme responsible for melanin formation) and a lightening agent.

We design an individualized program tailored to your skin type, the specific spots you have, and the treatment administered. Share your goals with us, and we will guide you to the appropriate treatment options.

HOW TO GET RID OF FOLLICULITIS: CAUSES AND TREATMENT

Folliculitis is typically characterized by inflammation of the hair folliculitis bumps on the scalp where the pores become inflamed, leading to symptoms such as itching, redness and even hair curling inward. Although the danger level is relatively low, many women often feel uncomfortable and lose confidence due to the negative aesthetic effects of this condition. Many individuals are actively searching for solutions, from natural remedies to medications, in an effort to resolve folliculitis bumps on the scalp, but improvement remains difficult. Determining the root cause is paramount in treating this condition. In this article, we have collected all the necessary information. Let’s dive in and explore.

WHAT CAUSES FOLLICULITIS

Folliculitis arises from inflammation of the hair follicle and various factors contribute to its development. One major cause is bacterial infection, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus. This type of bacteria is common on the skin and can penetrate hair follicles, causing inflammation and typical symptoms of folliculitis.

Additionally, like razor bumps, fungal infections can lead to folliculitis, with yeast or mold being common culprits. Using hot tubs or swimming pools, where these microorganisms thrive, may increase the risk of developing fungal folliculitis.

Furthermore, mechanical factors play a role in folliculitis. Friction from tight clothing, especially in areas with coarse hair, can cause irritation and contribute to folliculitis. Shaving, especially with a dull razor or with improper technique, can lead to small cuts and allow bacteria or fungi to enter. Excessive sweating, which can create a favorable environment for bacteria to grow, is another factor that can worsen folliculitis.

SYMPTOMS AND IMAGES OF FOLLICULITIS

The symptoms of folliculitis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. When folliculitis affects the scalp, it presents with specific signs that may include redness, swelling, and the formation of small, pus-filled bumps or pustules. These pustules can be itchy or painful and may cluster together, giving the affected area a bumpy appearance.

In addition to the visible symptoms, individuals with folliculitis in the scalp may also experience tenderness or soreness in the affected areas. The condition can lead to hair loss in some cases, as the inflammation disrupts the normal growth cycle of the hair follicles. It’s essential to note that folliculitis in the scalp can be caused by various factors, including bacterial, fungal, or viral infections.

When examining images of folliculitis in the scalp, healthcare professionals look for these characteristic features to aid in diagnosis. Visual representations often show red, inflamed follicles and may reveal the presence of pustules. The images help healthcare providers distinguish folliculitis from other skin conditions and determine the appropriate course of treatment.

HOW TO TREAT FOLLICULITIS

HOME REMEDIES

DO A SOAP WASH

Wash the affected area with warm water and soap two times each day. Dry gently with a clean towel, and don’t share your towel with others. Make sure to use hot water and soap when washing clothes or towels that have touched the red bumps.

USE A WARM COMPRESS

A warm, wet cloth can make the red and painful area feel better. Use a new or very clean washcloth. You can either boil a soft cotton cloth or wash it in warm water and soap to make sure it’s clean.

TRY ALOE VERA

Aloe vera gel can make your skin heal faster. It’s cool and can help with itching, redness, and swelling. Aloe vera gel might also stop some kinds of bacteria that can cause infection. Find aloe vera gel without extra smells or chemicals. Put the aloe vera gel on your skin after washing it with soap and water.

AVOID SHAVING

Certain types of folliculitis, such as barber’s itch, can happen after you shave your skin. This can occur when shaving your face, head, or body. Shaving might bother the skin and open up the hair follicles, making it easier for infections to happen.

It’s better not to shave until the folliculitis is gone. When you decide to shave, make sure to use clean and sharp blades every time. Clean the area with warm, soapy water before and after shaving.

STOP WAXING

Some ways of removing hair, like waxing, can open up the hair follicle too much. This might cause problems like ingrown hair and skin infections, such as folliculitis.

If you have folliculitis, it’s better not to wax that area. Instead, you can try different ways to remove hair, like using depilatory creams.

TRY ESSENTIAL OILS

Studies in medicine tell us that certain oils from plants can fight bacteria and fungi. These oils might help with the germs that cause folliculitis.

Remember, you shouldn’t put these oils directly on your skin. Mix a few drops of the plant oil with another oil or a moisturizing cream. These oils are strong, so using them a lot or without diluting them can make your skin irritated.

Some oils that might be useful for treating skin infections like folliculitis include:

  • cinnamon oil
  • lemon oil
  • clove oil
  • tea tree oil
  • chamomile oil
  • eucalyptus oil

WEAR LOOSE, DRY CLOTHING

Folliculitis can happen when your clothes irritate your skin or when your skin rubs together. To prevent this, don’t wear tight things like yoga pants, tights, or leggings.

Avoid outfits that let your thighs rub against each other. You can wear shorts under a dress or skirt. For your underarms, use longer sleeve T-shirts and dresses to cover the skin.

Wet skin is more likely to get an infection. So, wear loose and breathable clothes, or ones that take away moisture. If you’re sweaty or wearing wet clothes, make sure to dry off and change right away.

MEDICATIONS

There are different ways to treat bacterial infections, like using lotions, gels, or pills. If the infection is not too severe, your doctor might give you an antibiotic lotion or gel. But if it’s more serious or keeps coming back, you might need pills that fight the infection from inside your body.

Fungal infections need different treatments, like creams, shampoos, or pills that fight against yeast. Antibiotics, the ones that work for bacteria, don’t help with this kind of folliculitis.

In some cases, you might need something to calm down the inflammation. If you have a mild kind of eosinophilic folliculitis, your doctor might suggest a special cream with steroids to help with itching. If you also have HIV/AIDS, using antiretroviral therapy might make your eosinophilic folliculitis symptoms get better.

OTHER INTERVENTIONS

Small surgery: If you have a big, painful bump or a bunch of them, your doctor might do a minor surgery. They’ll make a small cut to let out the goo inside, which can help with pain, make you heal faster, and reduce the chance of scars. After that, they might cover the spot with a clean cloth to soak up any leaking goo.

Laser hair removal: For a condition called pseudofolliculitis barbae, your doctor might suggest using lasers to remove hair, especially if other treatments haven’t worked. This kind of treatment needs multiple visits to the doctor’s office.

WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR

Folliculitis can be serious sometimes, and you might need special medical help. Your doctor might give you strong medicines like prescription antibiotics or creams with steroids. In rare cases, you might even need surgery.

If you notice any signs of severe folliculitis, it’s important to see your doctor right away. Look out for things like whitehead pimples, pus or ooze from the skin, crusty sores, swelling, a big bump, hair loss, or scars. If you’ve been using a cream called hydrocortisone for itching, and it doesn’t get better after 2 weeks, talk to your doctor or a skin specialist (dermatologist). They can help figure out the best way to make your skin feel better.

FAQ

1. Can folliculitis go away on its own?

Yes. Folliculitis is typically not a big issue and often goes away by itself without needing treatment.

2. Should you moisturize folliculitis?

Yes, it’s generally advisable to moisturize folliculitis-affected areas gently. 

3. How long will folliculitis last?

Many show improvement within a span of 7 to 10 days.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, tackling folliculitis involves a holistic approach that considers its various causes and effective treatments. Whether triggered by infections, friction, or other factors, addressing the underlying issues is vital. When it comes to folliculitis in the scalp, maintaining good scalp hygiene, using appropriate treatments, and avoiding potential irritants play key roles in managing and preventing this condition.