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EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ELIMINATING BROWN SPOTS

If you’re eager to eliminate those stubborn brown spots, the good news is that there are various solutions available. While brown spots are typically benign and pose no health risks, it’s crucial to monitor any that change in color, size, or texture and to visit your dermatologist regularly. Although treatment for benign spots isn’t necessary, their removal or fading can be both cosmetically and psychologically rewarding. After all, who wouldn’t want a clearer, more even skin tone?

What should I know about spots?

Brown spots, also known as age spots, liver spots, solar lentigines, or sun spots, are flat, oval areas of increased pigmentation that vary in size. Typically gray, tan, brown, or black, these spots appear on areas of the skin that have received the most sun exposure over the years, such as the face, backs of hands, tops of feet, forearms, shoulders, and upper back. They can affect anyone, regardless of sex or race; however, brown spots are more common in individuals with fair skin, a history of frequent sun exposure, regular tanning bed use, and those over 40 years of age.

What causes spots?

Brown spots are caused by overactive pigment cells known as melanocytes. Ultraviolet (UV) light accelerates the production of melanin, the skin pigment responsible for a tan or darker skin. After years of UV exposure, melanin can clump together or be produced in high concentrations, leading to the appearance of brown spots.

There are three main types of benign skin pigmentation resulting from overactive melanocytes: freckles, solar lentigines, and melasma.

FRECKLES

Freckles can be seen as a genetic gift from Mother Nature. These small, flat spots range in color from pale to dark brown and result from an overproduction of melanin in response to UV light exposure. Typically, real freckles are found on younger skin, especially in children, and are most common among individuals with red hair and fair skin that burns easily. They tend to be more noticeable in sun-exposed areas during the summer months and often fade during the winter season.

SOLAR LENTIGINES

Solar lentigines, commonly known as age spots, are dark patches that develop from prolonged sun exposure and are generally harmless. These flat, actinic keratosis lesions can appear yellowish, gray, or light brown, with clearly defined edges. Some may have a dry or slightly scaly texture. Unlike freckles, which are smaller and more diffuse, lentigines are larger and more distinct, typically found on areas such as the face, hands, and chest, accumulating over time due to sun exposure. Unlike freckles, they do not fade in winter and can occur anywhere on the body; they are usually benign.

On the other hand, actinic keratosis represents another form of sun damage that may have the potential to become cancerous. These spots are flat or slightly raised, reddish-brown, and have a more abrasive appearance, often with a scaly surface. Surprisingly, nearly 60 million Americans are affected by this type of sun damage to their skin.

A Woods Lamp (black light) evaluation allows us to detect cumulative skin damage before it becomes visible to the naked eye. It can be eye-opening to observe the extent of sun damage that has already occurred. Since there is always a chance that new lesions may develop in the future, the best preventive measures include avoiding sun exposure, using a broad-spectrum high-SPF sunscreen, and wearing protective clothing and hats.

MELASMA

If you have a Mediterranean-type olive complexion or are of Latin, Asian, or Middle Eastern descent, you are more likely to develop melasma. This condition manifests as large dark patches of pigmentation caused by overactive melanocytes, often appearing as mask-like areas on the cheeks, temples, above the upper lip, and/or forehead. Melasma is believed to be influenced by excessive or repeated sun exposure, as well as hormonal changes. It can develop during the use of birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a “pregnancy mask.” While melasma may be visually unappealing, it is not dangerous and does not cause any physical discomfort.

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of skin injury. PIH is more common in individuals with darker skin tones and appears as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their fading over time can vary from person to person.

Words of caution and when you should see a doctor

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of injury to the skin. PIH is more prevalent among individuals with darker skin tones and manifests as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial skin condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their tendency to fade over time can vary from person to person.

What spots can be treated? 

Brown spots, including liver spots, freckles, solar lentigines, and other benign pigmented lesions that develop after years of sun exposure, can be removed or faded from almost any area of your body. Conditions such as melasma, sun-related brown spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can also be effectively treated. However, actinic keratoses and any abnormal-looking lesions should be evaluated and treated by a physician.

Types of spot treatments

Since the pigment is located at the base of the epidermis—the outermost layer of skin—any treatments aimed at lightening brown spots must penetrate this layer effectively.

Medications and prescription lightening creams containing hydroquinone or kojic acid (pigment-bleaching agents) can be used alone or in combination with retinoids (like tretinoin) and mild steroids to gradually fade spots over several months. However, these treatments may cause temporary side effects, including itching, redness, burning, or dryness. It’s essential to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 during treatment.

FotoFacial or IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) treatments emit a range of light waves that pass through the skin to target and destroy melanin, breaking up the spots without damaging the skin’s surface. Typically, two to three sessions are required, and after treatment, spots may appear like coffee ground speckles that flake off and gradually fade over several weeks or months. It’s crucial to avoid sun exposure for at least four weeks before treatment and to use sun protection liberally afterward to ensure optimal results.

Cryotherapy, or freezing, destroys the excess pigment by applying liquid nitrogen or another freezing agent to the spots. This treatment is quick but can be painful, and afterward, there may be some discomfort, blistering, or temporary redness and swelling. As the area heals, the skin may appear lighter. Cryotherapy is generally used for single brown spots or small groupings, but it carries a slight risk of permanent darkening of a spot (PIH), lightening of surrounding skin, or scarring.

Chemical peels involve applying an acid that removes the outer layer of skin to allow new skin to grow in its place. Several treatments may be necessary before seeing results, and strong sun protection is advised following the procedure. Temporary redness is common, with a slight risk of permanent changes in skin color.

Microdermabrasion is a less aggressive option that smooths the outer layers of skin using inert crystals to exfoliate. This treatment requires multiple sessions over several months to achieve desired results and is not recommended for those with rosacea or small red veins on the face. After microdermabrasion, mild redness may appear but typically resolves within a few hours, with flaky skin for three to four days. It can be effective, especially when combined with chemical peels.

Non-ablative laser spot removals destroy melanocytes without harming the skin’s surface. At YouBaby Skin Spa, we use a picosecond laser and PICO Genesis Spot treatments, which deliver light deep into the skin at a trillionth of a second. This breaks up melanocytes, allowing them to be eliminated by the body’s lymphatic system. The treated area may darken, resemble bruising, or form a crust for a few days, but fades over the following weeks, improving both the spots and the skin’s texture. Several treatments are recommended to build upon the results of previous sessions as the skin regenerates collagen and absorbs the debris.

Ablative laser resurfacing is a more aggressive treatment that removes sun-damaged cells to refresh the skin and fade spots. This method removes the outermost layer of skin, allowing new skin to grow back, but requires considerable recovery time and healing. One or two treatments can effectively address age spots quickly.

Prevention

To help prevent the reappearance of brown spots and the formation of new ones after treatment, follow these tips to limit your sun exposure:

  1. Avoid the Sun Between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.
    The sun’s rays are most intense during this time, so try to schedule outdoor activities for earlier or later in the day.
  2. Use Sunscreen.
    Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays 15 to 30 minutes before going outdoors. Choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Be sure to apply it generously and reapply every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
  3. Cover Up.
    Wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with a broad-brimmed hat, which offers better protection than a baseball cap or golf visor. Consider clothing specifically designed for sun protection, labeled with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 40 to 50 for optimal safety.
  4. Never Use Tanning Beds.
    Avoid tanning beds, as they can contribute to skin damage and increase the risk of developing new brown spots.

CONCLUSION

Spot removal is not a new concept, and the type of treatment varies, offering different outcomes. In some cases, spots may never be completely eliminated but can fade significantly, becoming much lighter. Proper home care is essential after any removal treatment to maximize your results. Alongside sunscreen, common aftercare typically includes a tyrosinase inhibitor (which targets the enzyme responsible for melanin formation) and a lightening agent.

We design an individualized program tailored to your skin type, the specific spots you have, and the treatment administered. Share your goals with us, and we will guide you to the appropriate treatment options.

THESE PEOPLE COULD HAVE USED A TWICE THOUGHT BEFORE GETTING THEIR NEW TATTOOS

Tattoos are a form of self-expression, a way to mark significant moments or simply to adorn the body. However, sometimes, a tattoo can go horribly wrong. Whether it’s a typo, a poorly executed design, or a tattoo that simply doesn’t age well, there are plenty of examples of people who might regret their decision to get inked. Let’s take a look at some of the most cringe-worthy tattoos.

WORKING FROM HOME WENT TOO FAR

Sure, we’ve all had those days when choosing an outfit feels too much, and going without seems tempting. But, as we all know, society expects a bit more modesty. Enter this guy, who’s bypassed the wardrobe dilemma entirely. No more clothes shopping or sun exposure worries for him—talk about a bold move!

GOING WITH THE LOVE ANGLE

It’s clear what they were aiming for with this tattoo, but a complete reversal might be the best bet now. While a permanent tribute to a child’s significance is touching, a permanent spelling error? Not so much. The humor here lies in the fact that not only has mom unintentionally become an “angle,” but the statement itself is, you guessed it, also at an angle!

ANYONE KNOW WHAT DATE HALLOWEEN IS?

Alright, we’re assuming this isn’t meant to be the Bride of Chucky, but who could it be instead? Avril Lavigne? Britney Spears? Amanda Seyfried’s character from Mean Girls? Honestly, we’re stumped, which doesn’t exactly speak well for the tattoo artist. And what’s she holding with those creepy claws? It looks like either a tiny microphone or a gigantic lipstick. Once again, we’re at a loss!

WE’RE ABSOLUTELY OWLING

This hawk, falcon, or whatever it is, might need to lay off the snacks if it wants to stay airborne! But if it can’t take flight, it’ll at least make a steadfast shoulder companion for its owner. Maybe the bird isn’t as chunky as it appears; it’s just that its small beak makes its round body look even more pronounced.

PLAY AT YOUR OWN RISK

Oh no. If this is some sort of gambling machine, we definitely don’t want to be around when it pays out! It has all the signs of a bachelor party blunder or maybe the result of a losing bet—fitting with the theme, at least. We can only imagine how many people have tried to insert a coin into this slot. Not a pleasant thought.

FINDING DIRECTION IN LIFE

Spelling mistakes are bad enough, but when your entire tattoo is a compass, getting the directions right should be a top priority. Mixing up East and West might be somewhat forgivable (though it is permanent ink!), but confusing North and South? That’s quite the feat. Luckily, this lady’s compass is unlikely to lead her astray since she won’t be able to see it anyway!

PUTTING YOUR BEST FOOT FORWARD

This is a classic example of a terrible idea executed flawlessly. The design itself is superb, but we can’t quite grasp the reasoning behind permanently inking a sneaker onto your foot. And who’s going to tell him that a pair of Chuck Taylor Converse costs less than the time spent on this tattoo? Still, the craftsmanship of the artwork is undeniably impressive.

DON’T STOP BELIEVING

A big shoutout to all the kids who paid attention in elementary school—this is why spelling matters! Many jobs require a solid grasp of language, and tattooing is definitely one of them. Even if a client provides a design idea, it’s up to the artist to double-check and ensure everything is correct. Unless, of course, they were playing a prank on this guy: plot twist!

A NOT SO KILLER QUEEN

Is this real life or just fantasy? Freddie would surely be in an emotional landslide if he saw this artist’s take on him. The tattoo is based on such an iconic image of the Queen star that it’s clear who it’s meant to be, but the execution falls short. For starters, what’s going on with his left eye?

STATING THE OBVIOUS

It’s hard to imagine anyone disagreeing with this statement! Despite its jarring nature, there’s something endearing about the irony and self-deprecation of this tattoo, making it slightly less problematic than some of the others on this list. Finding positives isn’t easy, but at least all seven words are spelled correctly—a definite win! Beyond that, we’re at a loss. Fans of red and black might have a different opinion.

THAT’S A LITTLE BIT CHEEKY

Alright, we get it—you’re a proud parent. But a face tattoo? The ink color and intense shading give this tattoo an oddly aggressive vibe. It’s a shame because the subject matter is really cute! Unfortunately, this piece might end up in a folder with countless other face tattoos that perhaps should have been declined by the artist.

WHEN YOU HAVE EYES IN THE BACK OF YOUR HEAD

Anyone with kids knows that claiming to have eyes in the back of your head is a great way to get them to behave when they think you’re not watching. Maybe that’s the idea behind this unusual tattoo. To be fair, the tattoo itself is impressively realistic and well-executed, though the accompanying haircut doesn’t do it any favors.

HAS ANYONE SEEN BRENDA?

Oh, Brenda, you must be quite the special lady. Although this tattoo borders on the creepy or psychotic, there are definitely some romantic undertones. We’re sure everyone would agree that we hope this guy and Brenda stay together, or things could get awkward for his next partner. Unless, of course, his next partner is also named Brenda.

JUDGEMENT DAY SHOULD BE INTERESTING

It’s hard to know where to begin with this one. The obvious issue is the apparent typo—though we assume it’s a typo? If it was intentional, the joke isn’t clear at all. Awkward. Once you get past the mishandled text, your attention shifts to the, um, image below. What appears to be a swollen hand with a ladybug on top is actually a fetus. Yikes.

NO ONE’S IDEA OF A HAPPY MEAL

This might be one of the most bizarre tattoo concepts we’ve ever encountered. This reimagined Ronald McDonald is giving off serious Heath Ledger’s Joker vibes and honestly looks like it’s straight out of a horror movie. Who knew the mascot of the world’s largest fast-food chain could be so ripped? Presumably, he’s not eating burgers all day—though maybe that’s the secret to a six-pack?

GOTHAM PROBABLY DOESN’T NEED A HERO LIKE THIS

Our first impression of this somewhat scrawny caped crusader is that it looks like a child’s drawing turned permanent by a proud parent. If that’s the case, we understand, kind of. However, if this was designed by an adult, our sympathy is much lower. The set of razor-sharp teeth in Batman’s wide-open mouth looks quite menacing. He’s supposed to be a bat, not a shark, right?

NOTHING WRONG WITH A BIT OF SELF-REFLECTION

Most people who regret a tattoo from their younger days usually consider removal or, if that’s not feasible, a convincing cover-up. Less common, though, is the addition of a disclaimer asterisk, but we’re actually here for it! This touch of self-deprecation turns what could be a slightly tragic tattoo into a humorous moment—in a good way. Instead of hiding from his past, this guy is playfully embracing it.

KEEPING IT REAL CLASSY

Who’s going to break the news that his tattoo actually adds up to 489, not “party time”? This is one of those tattoos you hope is done with a temporary marker or biro pen, but unfortunately, it’s permanent ink. Still, if anyone asks about his hobbies, he doesn’t need to say a word—he can just roll up his sleeve.

DON’T LOOK AT IT DIRECTLY!

If you’re getting a tattoo focused on perfect circular shapes, like moon phases (which we assume is the intention), it’s crucial that the circles are actually round. Granted, tattooing on a limb with its uneven surface is challenging, but this is particularly problematic. Not only are the moons oddly shaped, but the eclipse shadow is all over the place.

SOMEONE PROBABLY SMOKED A LITTLE TOO MUCH

No, we definitely see the irony here. Let’s call it life imitating art—or in this case, artwork. We’d guess that the person who got this tattoo might enjoy a toke or two, but they probably should have had someone who could spell handle the job. Or maybe someone who wasn’t high? Let’s hope the typo was intentional and part of a joke, which, to be fair, could be kind of funny.

IS IT A BIRD, IS IT A FORMER PRESIDENT?

At least the person had the courage to share this “unique” tattoo in hopes of finding an artist to cover it up. While there may be people who think this SuperTrump design is fantastic, clearly the owner views it as a mistake. Mr. Trump would surely appreciate those abs and that jawline, though!

WHEN YOU RUN OUT OF MONEY FOR THE WHOLE CAST

To be honest, this is actually a pretty good tattoo. But what happened to poor Timon? Or rather, what didn’t happen? It looks like the tattoo artist finished up only for the client to point out that Timon, the hilarious meerkat from The Lion King, was missing. Not to worry, they decided to add him in quickly. Unfortunately, Timon now looks even more like a snack for a hyena.

MERMAIDS SURE AREN’T WHAT THEY USED TO BE

Freshly done and still oozing with blood, one can only imagine the thoughts of the poor guy who has yet to see the monstrosity now permanently inked on his back. We can’t see his reaction, but it must have been something to behold. Honestly, this “piece” is so bad it’s hard to critique it meaningfully.

A WOLF IN SHEEP’S CLOTHING

What is it with tattoo artists and wolves? Or, more accurately, what is it with subpar tattoo artists and wolves? It seems the fearsome wolf is a common stumbling block for many, as this example clearly shows. To be fair, even poorly done wolf tattoos usually resemble the animal to some extent! This one, however, looks more like the prey a wolf would be hunting—a sheep or perhaps a deer?

IT’S TIME TO FACE THE MUSIC

No matter how questionable (or downright terrible) a tattoo might be, there’s usually some logic behind it. The execution may be lacking, but the intended design is often clear. Not in this case, though. We’ve stared at this monstrosity for ages and it’s still a mystery! To make matters worse, its location on the body makes it even more painful to look at—covering up half a face is no easy feat.

PIKACHU DID THAT TO YOU?

Poor Pikachu, it’s tough to see you like this! There are undoubtedly thousands of fantastic Pokémon-themed tattoos out there, but sadly, this isn’t one of them. Apparently, the left eye was so poorly done that the recipient requested an eye patch to be added midway through the process. While we’re all for making the best of a bad situation, wouldn’t it have been safer to just stop and rethink?

NOW THAT’S WHAT YOU CALL A PINUP

Ah yes, the tradition of pinup tattoos continues, though this example is lacking in many ways. It’s ironic that a style meant to exude sensuality and allure ends up being anything but. Where do we start with this one? Beyond the fact that this “pinup” looks like it was drawn by an elementary school student, the exaggerated proportions are what really make it stand out. Clearly, a long torso is the new long legs!

IS THAT A JACKSON POLLOCK?

You know that disapproving aunt everyone has who thinks all tattoos are ugly, no matter what? Well, in her eyes, this is what every tattoo looks like. Even the most laid-back “express yourself” types would have a hard time finding anything positive about this one—if we can even call it that. Our only hope is that not everything on this back is permanent ink—please let it be a Sharpie!

RUNNING FROM THE WOLVES

There seems to be something particularly challenging about accurately tattooing wolves. Is it their notorious distant gaze? Their calm yet intimidating presence? Whatever it is, this artist could use more time studying wolves before permanently inking someone’s skin again. While the overall quality of this tattoo is lacking, it’s the wolf cub—or is it a badger?—that really gets us laughing.

THE RECIPIENT WAS FEELING CHIRPY AFTER THIS RESCUE

This is the tattoo equivalent of snatching victory from the jaws of defeat. What started as one of the worst attempts at a blackbird (and a framed mirror) has been mercifully salvaged by a skilled artist. This is a perfect example of why it’s okay to halt a tattoo session if you’re worried about the artistic direction—or, in this case, the lack thereof.

CONCLUSION

While tattoos can be beautiful and meaningful, it’s important to approach the decision with caution. A poorly executed tattoo can be a lifelong regret. Always do your research, choose a reputable artist, and consider the potential consequences before committing to a permanent design. Remember, a little extra thought can go a long way in ensuring your tattoo is something you’ll be proud of for years to come.