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WHAT DOES AXIT GLYCOLIC DO FOR YOUR SKIN? 

Glycolic acid is a type of acid found in sugar cane that dissolves in water. It’s commonly used in skin care products to make the skin look better. AHAs, which are natural acids from plants, are the ingredients in glycolic acid. These tiny molecules are easily absorbed by your skin, making them great for reducing wrinkles, enhancing skin texture, and other anti-aging purposes. This article will explain what glycolic acid is and how it benefits your skin. It also provides advice on selecting the right product for you and using it safely.

HOW GLYCOLIC ACID WORKS

Glycolic acid has really tiny molecules compared to other AHAs. This helps it soak into the skin and remove dead skin cells better than other AHAs.

It works by making your skin renew itself faster. In simple terms, it breaks the bonds between skin cells, allowing your skin to get rid of dead cells more quickly.

Glycolic acid also encourages your skin to produce more collagen. Collagen is like the protein that keeps your skin tight, bouncy, and firm. It’s also what gives strength to your bones and connective tissues.

As you get older, your skin makes less collagen, and too much sun can break it down. Using glycolic acid every day can help stop collagen from breaking down and keep your skin looking fresh.

BENEFITS OF ACID GLYCOLIC FOR YOUR SKIN

EXFOLIATION

As a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), glycolic acid has small molecules that penetrate the skin effectively. Once applied, it works by breaking down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together. This process of exfoliation is crucial for promoting cell turnover, allowing newer and healthier skin cells to emerge.

ANTI-AGING

Glycolic acid effectively dissolves the bonds that tether dead skin cells to the surface, facilitating their removal and unveiling a fresher, more youthful layer of skin beneath. By encouraging the shedding of older skin cells, glycolic acid stimulates the generation of new, healthier cells, visibly reducing the signs of aging.

COLLAGEN PRODUCTION

Glycolic acid plays a pivotal role in supporting skin health by actively stimulating collagen production, a crucial protein responsible for maintaining skin firmness, elasticity, and overall structural integrity. Glycolic acid promotes collagen synthesis by triggering a biological response in the skin cells. This stimulation prompts fibroblasts, the cells responsible for producing collagen, to increase their activity.

IMPROVES SKIN SURFACE

Glycolic Acid also clears away oil and dirt deep in your pores, making sure they don’t get all clogged up. This stops acne from showing up on your skin. Plus, when your pores are clean, your skin looks better too. It becomes smooth and bright, and you won’t have that yucky feeling from too much oil anymore.

ACNE TREATMENT

Glycolic acid is awesome for skincare, especially if you have acne. It works extra well when your skin is acting up, helping to tackle acne issues and irritations. If you deal with stubborn cystic acne, glycolic acid is super helpful. It clears out deep blockages of dead skin cells and oil, which is great. When you use it along with other skincare stuff, glycolic acid is one of the best picks to stop the pain from acne.

SUN DAMAGE REPAIR

Glycolic Acid has been proven by doctors to help fix skin damage from the sun. It can go deep into your skin to get rid of dead skin, which helps a lot. It makes dark spots from the sun go away, and your skin gets shiny and smooth. Any marks or redness start to get better too.

RISKS OF GLYCOLIC ACID

UV DAMAGE

While glycolic acid can have positive effects on the skin, it comes with certain risks, particularly related to increased sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) rays. The exfoliating nature of glycolic acid can make the skin more susceptible to sun damage. Without adequate sun protection, such as sunscreen, prolonged sun exposure may lead to sunburn and other harmful effects on the skin. 

IRRITATION

Certain individuals may encounter reactions to products containing glycolic acid, leading to symptoms such as redness, inflammation, itching, swelling, or a burning sensation. It’s important to note that experiencing burning does not indicate the product is effective. If any of these reactions occur, it is advisable to wash the product off and stop using it.

Symptoms like redness, swelling, and itching may occur if glycolic acid is too strong, used too often, or applied near the eyes. In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with clean running water without delay.

HYPERPIGMENTATION

In some cases, individuals may experience an increase in skin pigmentation, leading to darker spots or patches. This risk is higher when using strong concentrations of glycolic acid or when it is not used as directed. To mitigate the possibility of hyperpigmentation, it’s crucial to start with lower concentrations and gradually increase use, following recommended guidelines. If any unusual pigmentation occurs, it’s advisable to discontinue use and consult with a dermatologist to assess the best course of action for your skin.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ACID GLYCOLIC

Glycolic acid is often found in skincare products, like face cleansers, toners, and creams. Many beauty brands include glycolic acid because it’s really good for your skin. You can look for it on the labels when you’re buying skincare stuff – it might be listed as an ingredient. You’ll find these products in places that sell skincare items, like drugstores, beauty stores, or even some supermarkets. So, next time you’re shopping for skincare, keep an eye out for glycolic acid to give your skin a boost.

HOW DO I START USING GLYCOLIC ACID?

Choosing the right glycolic acid product for your skincare routine is important for achieving the best results. Firstly, consider the product’s concentration – glycolic acid comes in different strengths, and it’s a good idea to start with a lower concentration if you’re new to using it. This helps your skin get used to it without irritation. Additionally, you should check the product’s formulation. Some glycolic acid products come in cleansers, toners, or serums, so choose one that fits well into your existing routine. If you’re unsure about glycolic acid, a cleanser is a gentler way to test the waters. Choose one with some hydration built-in, so your skin gets the benefits without the potential sting.

Pay attention to your skin type; if you have sensitive skin, choose a gentler formulation. Remember to read reviews or consult with a skincare professional to get insights into how a particular glycolic acid product has worked for others. 

HOW TO USE GLYCOLIC ACID SAFELY

Overall, glycolic acid is generally safe and effective for your skin. However, there are a few important considerations to keep in mind to ensure the safety and well-being of your skin before incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine.

Foremost, it’s essential to apply sunscreen whenever you’re using glycolic acid treatments. Similar to other AHAs, glycolic acid can heighten your skin’s sensitivity to the sun. Ensuring sun protection is crucial to preserve the positive effects of glycolic acid and to prevent the risk of sunburn.

Let your skin get used to glycolic acid. If you’re using a product you can buy without a prescription, start by using it only three times a week for about a week. If your skin doesn’t get red or irritated, you can try using it four times a week for a week or two.

Gradually increase usage until you can use it every day. If your skin gets irritated at any point, take a break before trying again.

When getting peels done at a clinic or salon, they’ll probably start you with a lower amount of glycolic acid. If your skin handles it okay, they might increase the strength for your next sessions.After your initial treatments, your skin might feel a bit rough. Don’t worry, this is normal and shows that the glycolic acid is doing its job. As long as your skin isn’t irritated, continue using your glycolic acid product. Over time, you should notice your skin becoming smoother and healthier.

IS GLYCOLIC ACID GOOD FOR ALL SKIN TYPES? 

Dermatologists affirm that glycolic acid is generally safe for all skin types, but its optimal benefits are observed in individuals with oily and acne-prone skin. If you have dry or sensitive skin, incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine should be approached cautiously, particularly if you have conditions like rosacea or eczema, advises Dr. Lindsey Zubritsky, a board-certified dermatologist based in Pittsburgh. However, it’s not ruled out entirely. Dr. Hope Mitchell, Ohio-based board-certified dermatologist, M.D notes that fortunately, there are products available that combine glycolic acid with hydrating ingredients such as urea, glycerin, and triglycerides, addressing concerns related to dryness or sensitivity.

FAQ

1. Is it OK to use glycolic acid everyday?

Yes. Daily use of glycolic acid, particularly in 1-2% concentrations, is generally suitable. However, for higher concentrations (10% and above), it’s recommended to limit usage to once or twice a week to avoid potential skin irritation. 

2. Which is better, retinol or glycolic acid?

Depends on your purpose. For smoother texture, reduced oiliness, and unclogged pores, opt for glycolic acid. To address fine lines, wrinkles, and sun damage, choose retinol.

3. What cannot be mixed with glycolic acid?

Vitamin C. Combining AHAs/BHAs like salicylic or glycolic acid with vitamin C can disturb the skin’s pH, leading to peeling, discomfort, redness, and irritation.

4. Can I use retinol if I use glycolic acid?

Yes, you can use retinol alongside glycolic acid, but it’s essential to introduce them gradually to prevent potential irritation, starting with lower concentrations and monitoring your skin’s response. 

5. Can I use niacinamide and glycolic acid together?

Yes, niacinamide and glycolic acid can generally be used together in a skincare routine, as they complement each other. However, it’s advisable to introduce them gradually and monitor your skin.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, glycolic acid, an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), offers a range of benefits for the skin, including exfoliation, improved texture, and addressing concerns like hyperpigmentation and fine lines. When incorporating glycolic acid into your skincare routine, start with lower concentrations, gradually increasing as your skin builds tolerance, and always follow product instructions. You also consult with a dermatologist who can provide personalized guidance for optimal results.

EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR ELIMINATING BROWN SPOTS

If you’re eager to eliminate those stubborn brown spots, the good news is that there are various solutions available. While brown spots are typically benign and pose no health risks, it’s crucial to monitor any that change in color, size, or texture and to visit your dermatologist regularly. Although treatment for benign spots isn’t necessary, their removal or fading can be both cosmetically and psychologically rewarding. After all, who wouldn’t want a clearer, more even skin tone?

What should I know about spots?

Brown spots, also known as age spots, liver spots, solar lentigines, or sun spots, are flat, oval areas of increased pigmentation that vary in size. Typically gray, tan, brown, or black, these spots appear on areas of the skin that have received the most sun exposure over the years, such as the face, backs of hands, tops of feet, forearms, shoulders, and upper back. They can affect anyone, regardless of sex or race; however, brown spots are more common in individuals with fair skin, a history of frequent sun exposure, regular tanning bed use, and those over 40 years of age.

What causes spots?

Brown spots are caused by overactive pigment cells known as melanocytes. Ultraviolet (UV) light accelerates the production of melanin, the skin pigment responsible for a tan or darker skin. After years of UV exposure, melanin can clump together or be produced in high concentrations, leading to the appearance of brown spots.

There are three main types of benign skin pigmentation resulting from overactive melanocytes: freckles, solar lentigines, and melasma.

FRECKLES

Freckles can be seen as a genetic gift from Mother Nature. These small, flat spots range in color from pale to dark brown and result from an overproduction of melanin in response to UV light exposure. Typically, real freckles are found on younger skin, especially in children, and are most common among individuals with red hair and fair skin that burns easily. They tend to be more noticeable in sun-exposed areas during the summer months and often fade during the winter season.

SOLAR LENTIGINES

Solar lentigines, commonly known as age spots, are dark patches that develop from prolonged sun exposure and are generally harmless. These flat, actinic keratosis lesions can appear yellowish, gray, or light brown, with clearly defined edges. Some may have a dry or slightly scaly texture. Unlike freckles, which are smaller and more diffuse, lentigines are larger and more distinct, typically found on areas such as the face, hands, and chest, accumulating over time due to sun exposure. Unlike freckles, they do not fade in winter and can occur anywhere on the body; they are usually benign.

On the other hand, actinic keratosis represents another form of sun damage that may have the potential to become cancerous. These spots are flat or slightly raised, reddish-brown, and have a more abrasive appearance, often with a scaly surface. Surprisingly, nearly 60 million Americans are affected by this type of sun damage to their skin.

A Woods Lamp (black light) evaluation allows us to detect cumulative skin damage before it becomes visible to the naked eye. It can be eye-opening to observe the extent of sun damage that has already occurred. Since there is always a chance that new lesions may develop in the future, the best preventive measures include avoiding sun exposure, using a broad-spectrum high-SPF sunscreen, and wearing protective clothing and hats.

MELASMA

If you have a Mediterranean-type olive complexion or are of Latin, Asian, or Middle Eastern descent, you are more likely to develop melasma. This condition manifests as large dark patches of pigmentation caused by overactive melanocytes, often appearing as mask-like areas on the cheeks, temples, above the upper lip, and/or forehead. Melasma is believed to be influenced by excessive or repeated sun exposure, as well as hormonal changes. It can develop during the use of birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy, which is why it is sometimes referred to as a “pregnancy mask.” While melasma may be visually unappealing, it is not dangerous and does not cause any physical discomfort.

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of skin injury. PIH is more common in individuals with darker skin tones and appears as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their fading over time can vary from person to person.

Words of caution and when you should see a doctor

Another type of brown spot is known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), which occurs as a result of injury to the skin. PIH is more prevalent among individuals with darker skin tones and manifests as patches triggered by inflammation from conditions such as acne, eczema, or trauma. After the initial skin condition resolves, dark spots may remain, and their tendency to fade over time can vary from person to person.

What spots can be treated? 

Brown spots, including liver spots, freckles, solar lentigines, and other benign pigmented lesions that develop after years of sun exposure, can be removed or faded from almost any area of your body. Conditions such as melasma, sun-related brown spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can also be effectively treated. However, actinic keratoses and any abnormal-looking lesions should be evaluated and treated by a physician.

Types of spot treatments

Since the pigment is located at the base of the epidermis—the outermost layer of skin—any treatments aimed at lightening brown spots must penetrate this layer effectively.

Medications and prescription lightening creams containing hydroquinone or kojic acid (pigment-bleaching agents) can be used alone or in combination with retinoids (like tretinoin) and mild steroids to gradually fade spots over several months. However, these treatments may cause temporary side effects, including itching, redness, burning, or dryness. It’s essential to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 during treatment.

FotoFacial or IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) treatments emit a range of light waves that pass through the skin to target and destroy melanin, breaking up the spots without damaging the skin’s surface. Typically, two to three sessions are required, and after treatment, spots may appear like coffee ground speckles that flake off and gradually fade over several weeks or months. It’s crucial to avoid sun exposure for at least four weeks before treatment and to use sun protection liberally afterward to ensure optimal results.

Cryotherapy, or freezing, destroys the excess pigment by applying liquid nitrogen or another freezing agent to the spots. This treatment is quick but can be painful, and afterward, there may be some discomfort, blistering, or temporary redness and swelling. As the area heals, the skin may appear lighter. Cryotherapy is generally used for single brown spots or small groupings, but it carries a slight risk of permanent darkening of a spot (PIH), lightening of surrounding skin, or scarring.

Chemical peels involve applying an acid that removes the outer layer of skin to allow new skin to grow in its place. Several treatments may be necessary before seeing results, and strong sun protection is advised following the procedure. Temporary redness is common, with a slight risk of permanent changes in skin color.

Microdermabrasion is a less aggressive option that smooths the outer layers of skin using inert crystals to exfoliate. This treatment requires multiple sessions over several months to achieve desired results and is not recommended for those with rosacea or small red veins on the face. After microdermabrasion, mild redness may appear but typically resolves within a few hours, with flaky skin for three to four days. It can be effective, especially when combined with chemical peels.

Non-ablative laser spot removals destroy melanocytes without harming the skin’s surface. At YouBaby Skin Spa, we use a picosecond laser and PICO Genesis Spot treatments, which deliver light deep into the skin at a trillionth of a second. This breaks up melanocytes, allowing them to be eliminated by the body’s lymphatic system. The treated area may darken, resemble bruising, or form a crust for a few days, but fades over the following weeks, improving both the spots and the skin’s texture. Several treatments are recommended to build upon the results of previous sessions as the skin regenerates collagen and absorbs the debris.

Ablative laser resurfacing is a more aggressive treatment that removes sun-damaged cells to refresh the skin and fade spots. This method removes the outermost layer of skin, allowing new skin to grow back, but requires considerable recovery time and healing. One or two treatments can effectively address age spots quickly.

Prevention

To help prevent the reappearance of brown spots and the formation of new ones after treatment, follow these tips to limit your sun exposure:

  1. Avoid the Sun Between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m.
    The sun’s rays are most intense during this time, so try to schedule outdoor activities for earlier or later in the day.
  2. Use Sunscreen.
    Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays 15 to 30 minutes before going outdoors. Choose a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30. Be sure to apply it generously and reapply every two hours, or more frequently if swimming or sweating.
  3. Cover Up.
    Wear tightly woven clothing that covers your arms and legs, along with a broad-brimmed hat, which offers better protection than a baseball cap or golf visor. Consider clothing specifically designed for sun protection, labeled with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of 40 to 50 for optimal safety.
  4. Never Use Tanning Beds.
    Avoid tanning beds, as they can contribute to skin damage and increase the risk of developing new brown spots.

CONCLUSION

Spot removal is not a new concept, and the type of treatment varies, offering different outcomes. In some cases, spots may never be completely eliminated but can fade significantly, becoming much lighter. Proper home care is essential after any removal treatment to maximize your results. Alongside sunscreen, common aftercare typically includes a tyrosinase inhibitor (which targets the enzyme responsible for melanin formation) and a lightening agent.

We design an individualized program tailored to your skin type, the specific spots you have, and the treatment administered. Share your goals with us, and we will guide you to the appropriate treatment options.